Impersonal

Impersonal "IT" biasanya digunakan:

A. Sebagai "Pronoun" (kata ganti) yang menggantikan kata benda tunggal. Bentuk jamak dari “It” adalah “They”

• Look at that cat; It is eating a mouse.
• I buy a book; it is an English book.
• I have two cars; they are in the garage now.

B. Sebagai Preparatory (pendahuluan/pengantar kalimat) bila digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan:

• Waktu, hari, tanggal, hari, dan sejenisnya.
• Situasi atau Keadaan.
• Jarak.

---

1. Waktu

• It is seven o'clock.
• It is Saturday today.
• What is the date today? It is the second of April today.

2. Situasi atau Keadaan

• It is sunny today.
• It can be very warm in October
• It rained for four days.
• It's a fine day.

3. Jarak

• How far is it to Jakarta? It is sixty-three kilometers.
• It's five miles to the nearest garage.
• It's far to the museum.

---

C. Sebagai Introductory atau Preparatory subjek atau objek, bila subjek atau objek dari kalimat adalah Infinitive atau Clause.

1. Adjective/Participle dengan "that-clauses".

• Participle. ("that-clauses" yang menyatakan Rekasi Emosi).

Contoh:

·         It shocked me that Elizabeth didn't tell anybody where she was.

·         It worried me a bit that she didn't phone.

Adjective dan Participle lainnya yang biasanya digunakan dengan "that-clauses" adalah: amazed, angry, certain, confident, dispointed, pleased, proud, sad, alarmed, annoyed, astonished, sorry, dll.

Dan juga Adjective lain yang mempunyai a Prepositional Phrase sebagai Complement, seperti: certain of, annoyed at, pleased with, dll.

• Adjective

Contoh:

·         It is interesting you should like her.

·         It's true that she never turned up.

·         It's possible that we'll a bit late.

·         It appears that William might change his mind.

·         It seems obvious that we can't go on like this.

Beberapa Adjective lain yang sering digunakan dalam kasus ini adalah" certain, evident, likely, obvious, probable, dllc. "That-clause" yang menyatakan Reaksi Emosi dan dugaan "putative" idea disusun seperti tersebut di atas, dapat pula menggunakan kata-kata berikut ini:
curious, extraordinary, fortunate, important, odd, sad, alarming, disconcerting, embarrassing, fitting, irritating, shocking, surprising, dll.

2. Adjective dengan "to-infinitive"

Contoh:

• To remember all of my classmates is difficult. ( = It is difficult to remember all of my classmates )
• To be with you is nice. ( = It is nice to be with you)
• To meet you again is so glad. ( = It is so glad to meet you again)

Beberapa Adjective yang wring digunakan dalam bentuk seperti tersebut di atas adalah: difficult, impossible, good, glad, delighted, important, wise, wrong, necessary, clever, kind, naught, rude, silly, cruel, easy, dll.

---

D. Sebagai Preparatory Subject .

Contoh:

• It doesn't interest me whether you succed or not.
• It wasn't very clear what she meant.
• It's a mistery what he sees in her.
• It's surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.

---

E. Sebagai a preparatory subject untuk : for + object -+ infinitive

• It's impossible for us to go by car.
• It will suit me best for you to arrive at about ten o'clock.
• It's essential for the classrooms to have plenty light.
• It's important for me to join the club.

---

F. Sebagai Preparatory Subject dengan bentuk "-ING".

Contoh:

• It was nice seeing you.
• It's crazy her going off like that.
• Is it worth reserving a seat?
• It's not much good expecting Mary to help.

---

G. Menunjuk kepada Nothing, Everything, All serta subject lainnya yang tidak pernah digunakan dalam Question Tags.

Contoh:

• Nothing happens, does it?
• Everything has now been revealed, hasn't it?
• Nothing can stop us now, can it?
• This is the first bus, is it?
• Nice day, isn't it?